While agriculture has been central to Powys, it has not been the only form of work.

Small industries developed where conditions allowed. Quarrying, timber work and localised production provided additional income, often alongside farming rather than in place of it.

Forestry has played a role in certain areas, particularly where land was less suited to agriculture. Planted woodland introduced a different pattern into the landscape, one that can still be seen in the shape and density of certain areas.

Tourism has become more noticeable in recent decades, though it remains relatively low in intensity compared to other parts of Wales. It tends to follow the landscape, focusing on areas that are accessible without being heavily developed.

Services in rural areas have changed over time. Shops, schools and other facilities that were once common in smaller settlements have declined, with activity concentrating in larger towns.

Even so, the rural economy remains mixed. It does not depend on a single activity, and its form varies from place to place.